Light and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria effects on Brachiaria brizantha growth and phenotypic plasticity to shade

This is the first report on the effect of light intensity and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth of a tropical forage grass, being a relevant study to improve pasture management in conventional farming and integrated crop‐livestock‐forestry systems. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the effects of light intensity and Burkholderia pyrrocinia and Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation on Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã growth, and phenotypic plasticity to shade. The experiment was conducted in a semi‐controlled environment. Seedlings of B. brizantha were allocated to full sun and shade. P. fluorescens and B. pyrrocinia were inoculated individually or co‐inoculated by soil drench, 14 days after seedling emergence. We evaluated morphogenesis, structural and growth parameters. Irrespective of the light regime, co‐inoculated plants had greater leaf area and SPAD index (chlorophyll content). Increase in total biomass production in co‐inoculated plants was over 100% and 300%, under full sun and shade respectively. Co‐inoculated P. fluorescens and B. pyrrocinia increased shade tolerance in B. brizantha, improving plant performance. Co‐inoculation promoted growth in B. brizantha under both sun and shade, indicating its potential as a bio‐fertilizer in conventional and integrated systems, especially in silvopastoral systems, where light availability to pasture growth may be limited.     

Development of a Pseudomonas syringae–Eutrema salsugineum pathosystem to investigate disease resistance in a stress tolerant extremophile model plant

To improve the ability to understand how plants respond to multiple and/or concurrent stresses, disease resistance was investigated in Eutrema salsugineum, an extremophile model plant that is highly tolerant of abiotic stress. Compared to Arabidopsis (Col‐0), both Yukon and Shandong Eutrema accessions exhibit increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and pv. maculicola (Psm), with Shandong Eutrema exhibiting greater resistance to Pst than Yukon Eutrema. RT‐PCR of the EsPR1 (Pathogenesis‐related 1) defence marker gene confirmed RNA‐Seq data that healthy Shandong Eutrema constitutively expresses EsPR1. The data suggests that Shandong Eutrema exists in a highly primed state of defence preparedness, as it displays heightened resistance compared to defence‐primed natural accessions of Arabidopsis (Can‐0, Bur‐0). Pathogen‐triggered PR1 expression was delayed in Yukon Eutrema; however, these plants were resistant to Pst suggesting that Yukon Eutrema employs a PR1‐independent mechanism to resist Pst. This study demonstrates that Eutrema is an excellent model to investigate biotic stress tolerance. The Eutrema–P. syringae pathosystem will facilitate future studies to understand how this extremophile tolerates both abiotic and biotic stress, and will allow exploration of the interplay of these responses to inform efforts to improve stress tolerance in crops.     

铜绿假单胞菌FJAT-346对番茄枯萎病的生防作用

为明确铜绿假单胞菌FJAT-346菌株在植物病害生物防治中的实用价值,对该菌株的抑菌谱及其对番茄枯萎病的生防效果和机理进行了研究。结果表明:FJAT-346菌株对香蕉、番茄、西瓜、甜瓜枯萎病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌等均有良好的离体拮抗效果。该菌株对番茄枯萎病的盆栽防效可达81.57%。FJAT-346菌株能使番茄枯萎菌菌丝扭曲变形、细胞壁破裂、纠集成团停止生长,但对孢子萌发的抑制作用不大。FJAT-346产生的抑菌物质可以被饱和度为70%的硫酸铵完全沉淀下来,初步判断该物质为大分子蛋白。在盆栽试验中,FJAT-346菌悬液对番茄出苗具有显著的促进作用,对番茄苗株高、根长和鲜重也有不同程度的促进作用。     

四川平武地区东方蜜蜂形态特征研究

 测定四川平武地区5个不同样点的15群东方蜜蜂（Apis cerana）的38个形态特征。同该地区的四川九寨沟、冕宁、西昌、会理以及甘肃岷县、临潭的东方蜜蜂的形态数据进行因素分析、主成分分析、聚类分析以及相关性分析。结果表明：这些地区的东方蜜蜂呈现3个主要类群。该地区东方蜜蜂的个体大小与海拔和纬度相关性显著,喙的颜色、小盾片的颜色和绒毛覆毛长度与海拔相关性显著。     

云南松口蘑的 ＩＳＳＲ遗传多样性研究

本文利用 １６条 ＩＳＳＲ引物,对来自云南香格里拉、大理、楚雄和昆明的 ４个松口蘑居群共 ４２个个体的遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明,ＩＳＳＲ ＰＣＲ共扩增出 ７６条条带;总多态性位点百分率 ＰＰＢ＝６１０４％,多态位点百分率依次为 ５６７６％,６７７５％,７０２７％和 ５０００％;总的基因多样度指数 （Ｈｔ）为０３２１５,居群内的 Ｎｅｉ遗传多样度指数 （Ｈｓ）为０２４４７,Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数 （Ｉ）为 ０４７１７,居群间的遗传分化系数Ｇｓｔ为０２４７１,基因流 Ｎｍ为１５２３４,这说明云南松口蘑具有较高的遗传多样性,且主要存在于居群之间,居群内的变异较小;遗传距离表明 ４个居群中香格里拉和昆明的亲缘关系最远,大理和楚雄的亲缘关系最近。     

不同降雨量下的毛竹林冠截留、透流及干流动态过程研究

 通过比较毛竹林降雨的林冠截留动态过程发现,当小雨量时,林冠截留曲线与林外降雨曲线吻合;当中、大雨量时,在降雨的中后期林冠截留曲线偏离林外降雨曲线,林冠截留量近乎为零。在林冠截留达到饱和的条件下,会出现截留量是负数情况;透流、干流形成和结束时间都晚于林外降雨,它们的波峰和波谷一般滞后林外降雨,透流雨相对于林外降雨振动频率低,平均振幅也较小,不同降雨量下的动态累计透流率和干流率随时间变化以多项式拟合效果较好     

云南省部分地区玉米大斑病菌生理小种鉴定

 对分离于云南省部分地区的24个大斑病单孢菌株生理小种鉴定结果表明：0号生理小种仍然是云南省的优势小种,占供试菌株的41.7％;23N号生理小种占33.3％;1号、3号及23号各占供试菌株的8.3％。     

非洲菊灰霉病抗性鉴定技术的研究

 灰霉病是非洲菊切花破坏性的病害,在采后阶段的发生和危害尤其严重,培育抗性品种具有重要意义,抗性非洲菊材料的筛选鉴定是抗性品种培育的必要技术。以生产中显著抗病和感病品种为试材,研究非洲菊灰霉病抗性鉴定技术中适宜的试验材料、灰霉菌孢子浓度、孢子侵染条件和病害评估方法。结果表明, 非洲菊花瓣正面接种病害发展快、不同抗性品种间差异明显;分生孢子的侵染萌发需要充足的氧气和营养,2μL液滴、马铃薯葡萄糖的添加使花瓣发病整齐均匀;病菌的增殖危害与接种时分生孢子和马铃薯葡萄糖的初始浓度相关,在一定浓度范围内,二者呈反比关系,其中分生孢子适宜浓度为3.0×105~1.0×106个孢子/mL,马铃薯葡萄糖的适宜浓度为3%~6%;接种花瓣放置于室温、自然光、近100%湿度条件下,接种48h是最佳的评估时间。     

不同密度铜锈环棱螺对不同水体指标影响效果的研究

研究了铜锈环棱螺对2种不同水体中CODMn、叶绿素a、NH3-N、NO3-N和TP的去除效果。结果表明：铜锈环棱螺对于水体中的CODMn、叶绿素a、氮、磷等有一定的去除效果,放养密度、水质肥瘦度、培养时间等3个因素对其去除率存在显著性差异。具体表现为：放养铜锈环棱螺密度与其耗氧速率呈正相关;水体中叶绿素a含量呈现同步降低的规律,但在培养后期（7 d后）,2组不同肥瘦度水样中叶绿素含量均下降不明显,即消除率降低;随着培养时间的延长,水样中的COD含量普遍有所增加;NH3-N和NO3-N的去除率在一定条件下与放养密度、水质肥瘦度以及培养时间存在差异性。因此,针对不同肥瘦度的水体,不同的水质指标,应该选择不同的投放密度以达到比较满意的净化效果。     

花生壳对水华蓝藻的化感抑制作用研究

[目的]为生态治理太湖水华蓝藻提供科学依据。[方法]在实验室条件下,以南太湖水华蓝藻铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了不同处理方式的花生壳对其生长的化感抑制作用。[结果]经高温高压灭菌后的0.1%和0.5%花生壳对铜绿微囊藻的生长具有明显的抑制作用;经次氯酸钙消毒处理过的0.1%和0.5%花生壳以及0.05%～1.00%花生壳提取液对铜绿微囊藻的生长无明显的抑制作用。[结论]花生壳经高温高压处理后可以抑制水华蓝藻的生长。